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Catsuits are a recurring costume for fictional characters in various media, as well as for entertainers, especially for use in musical performances. They are sometimes referred to as "bodysuits", especially in reference to a full-body suit worn by a man (although ''bodysuit'' usually refers to a legless garment); ''catsuit'' is typically used only in reference to women.〔(Bodysuit ), Dictionary.com〕〔(Catsuit ), Dictionary.com〕 The catsuit has been identified as a film-maker's costume of choice for stealth.〔Paula Deitz, ''(Origins of Casual Style )'', New York Times, 1989-08-20〕 In films like ''Irma Vep'', ''Les Vampires'' and ''Heroic Trio'', crime and catsuits are featured together, as well as its major original use in Alfred Hitchcock's ''To Catch a Thief''.〔〔(Danger clad in a catsuit ), ''The Age''〕 A trend of bodysuits was observed by film reviewer Alan Farrell in his book ''High Cheekbones, Pouty Lips, Tight Jeans'', and a number or occurrences of the garb in films were mentioned - Charlize Theron in ''Aeon Flux'', Milla Jovovich in the fourth and fifth film of the ''Resident Evil'' franchise, Carrie-Anne Moss in ''The Matrix'', Angelina Jolie in ''Lara Croft: Tomb Raider'', Kate Beckinsale in ''Underworld'', and Raquel Welch in ''Fantastic Voyage''.〔Alan Farrell, ''High Cheekbones, Pouty Lips, Tight Jeans'', page 15, Lulu.com, 2007, ISBN 1-4303-0434-0〕 The trend of leather and vinyl catsuits were identified as an attempt to redefine the gender role of women through films.〔Elyce Rae Helford, ''Fantasy Girls'', page 6, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, ISBN 0-8476-9834-3〕 Theresa L. Geller described the catsuit as a part of the Hollywood ''tough chic'' paradigm in an article published in the journal ''Frontiers''. That view was shared by Sherrie A. Inness in her book ''Action Chicks'', which also included computer games and professional wrestling in that paradigm.〔Sherrie A. Inness, ''Action Chicks'', page 72, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, ISBN 1-4039-6403-3〕 ''The Action Heroine's Handbook'' describes the catsuit as one of the three options of the first rule of thumb described in the book: "Dress to accentuate your best physical assets".〔Jennifer Worick, Joe Borgenicht and Larry Jost, ''The Action Heroine's Handbook'', page 73, Quirk Books, 2003, ISBN 1-931686-68-8〕 ''Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture'' by Sherrie A. Inness describes catsuits as an iconic garb of female TV and film characters.〔Sherrie A. Inness, ''Action Chicks: New Images of Tough Women in Popular Culture'', page 72, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, ISBN 1-4039-6403-3〕 ==Movies and television series== Notable uses of catsuits or similar full-body garments include: *''Æon Flux'': In both the television series and the 2005 film starring Charlize Theron. *''A.I. Artificial Intelligence'': Ashley Scott plays android Gigolo Jane wearing a tight catsuit. *''Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery'': Liz Hurley and Mimi Rogers appear in black leather catsuits in a tribute to Emma Peel. *''The Avengers'': Cathy Gale (played by Honor Blackman, better known for the role of Pussy Galore in ''Goldfinger'') wore black leather catsuits that took four-hour fitting sessions for the shooting.〔Nick Morrison, ''("Catsuits? I'd rather wear nothing at all." )'', The Northern Echo, 2004-06-16〕 She opted for the leather as her clothes were getting repeatedly ripped off during fight scenes, including one scene that had her trousers ripped in close-up.〔Dennis Fischer, ''(The Avengers )'', St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture〕 Her fetishistic garb was identified as a reason behind ''The Avengers'' entry into cult status.〔Bill Osgerby and Anna Gough-Yates, ''Action TV'', page 225, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-22620-1〕 Emma Peel (played by Diana Rigg) wore a number of black leather catsuits during the monochrome series,〔Dave Thompson, "Black and white and blue: adult cinema from the Victorian age to the VCR", ECW Press, 2007, ISBN 1-55022-791-2, p.215〕 but then switched to wearing colorful psychedelic jumpsuits as the show entered Technicolor. Emma Peel's black leather catsuit was identified as a precursor to the popularity of leather, spandex and vinyl bodysuits in subcultures such as Punk and Leathermen.〔Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion'', page 80, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, ISBN 0-684-31394-4〕 Her character has been described as the inspiration for most iconic bodysuit-clad female characters that followed, including the Catwoman, Monica Vitti in ''Modesty Blaise'', Jane Fonda in ''Barbarella'', and Marianne Faithfull in ''Girl on a Motorcycle''.〔 The catsuits and fashion paraphernalia in ''The Avengers'', including the leather boots, kept the youth "at home on Saturday nights" according to ''The Spectator''.〔Dave Rogers, ''The Complete Avengers'', page 89, Boxtree, 1989〕 Novelist and social analyst Gillian Freeman attributed this popularity to the "kinkiness" of the attire of Gale and Peel in ''The Undergrowth of Literature'', her seminal study on pornography.〔Gillian Freeman, ''The Undergrowth of Literature'', page 5, Nelson, 1967〕 * *''The Avengers'': In the 1998 film based on the series, Uma Thurman wears a black pleather catsuit and a black PVC/latex catsuit as Emma Peel and her evil clone respectively. *''The Avengers'': Black Widow (played by Scarlett Johansson) wore a gray catsuit. The character often wears similar clothes in the comics from Marvel Comics, which the movie is based on. *''Batman'': Batgirl has appeared in various forms of the catsuit throughout the Batman film, TV and comic book franchises. Catwoman has worn a variety of lurex, PVC, leather and spandex catsuits in the TV series, film and comic book franchises. The villainess Harley Quinn is renowned for her distinctive costume - a red and black diamond-checked catsuit in the style of a harlequin jester. * *''Batman (1966 film)'': Lee Meriwether as Catwoman, wears a black tight shiny catsuit.〔()〕 * *''Batman Forever'': Jim Carrey wears a number of flamboyant green spandex catsuits for his role as The Riddler.〔()〕 * *''Batman Returns'': Michelle Pfeiffer (Catwoman) wears the catsuit, and European fetish magazine «O» claims that the popularity of her costume has taken forward the social approval of fetish costumes, a claim partially acknowledged by scholarly sources.〔Efrat Tseëlon, ''Masquerade and Identities'', page 74, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-25106-0〕 * *''Batman & Robin'': Poison Ivy (Uma Thurman) wears two flamboyant spandex catsuits. * *''The Dark Knight Rises'': Anne Hathaway (Catwoman) wears a very different version of the catsuit from previous films, consisting of two layers of material, the outer being polyurethane coated spandex. Utilizing non-polyester fabrics created less sheen, compared to the costume design in the previous film (''Batman Returns'') featuring catwoman.〔()〕 *''Buck Rogers in the 25th Century'': Wilma Deering (played by Erin Gray) wore disco-inspired spandex catsuits during the show's first season. *''The Cannonball Run'': Jill Rivers (Tara Buckman) and Marcie Thatcher (Adrienne Barbeau) drives a black Lamborghini Countach dressed in tight shiny one-piece race suits.〔()〕 *''Captain America: The Winter Soldier'': Black Widow - again played by Scarlett Johansson - wore a black catsuit, similar to the ones she wore in ''Iron Man 2'' and ''The Avengers''. The character often wears similar clothes in the comics from Marvel Comics, which the movie is based on. *''Cat's Eye'': The criminal trio of sisters Rui, Hitomi and Ai wear spandex catsuits throughout the anime film. In the live action version the catsuits are worn by Miss Japan 1992 Norika Fujiwara (Rui), Izumi Inamori (Hitomi) and teen icon Yuki Uchida (Ai). *''Charlie's Angels'': Cameron Diaz appears in a white spandex catsuit, Lucy Liu and Drew Barrymore appear in black catsuits (during the Alley fight scene) and the villainess Vivian Wood (Kelly Lynch) appears in a sleeveless black latex catsuit and leather jacket. The Angels also wear blue catsuits when on the race track. *''Chuck'': Yvonne Strahovski wears a black catsuit in three episodes〔()〕 *''Colombiana'': Zoë Saldana changes into a black catsuit in order to perform an assassination requiring stealth and flexibility that would not be possible in regular clothing. *''Doctor Who'': Travelling companion Zoe Heriot wears a sparkling catsuit, apparently common in the "21st century".〔James Chapman, "Inside the Tardis: the worlds of Doctor Who : a cultural history", I.B.Tauris, 2006, ISBN 1-84511-163-X, p.57〕 *''Dude, Where's My Car?'': A group of five attractive females wearing catsuits appear a number of times throughout the movie. *''Ergo Proxy'': Female protagonist Re-l Mayer has on some occasions worn a suit that resembles a catsuit. However, its main use is to protect the wearer from the harsh cold temperatures outside of the dome city Rondo. *''Fantastic Four'': The heroes Mr. Fantastic, The Invisible Woman and The Human Torch all wear dark lycra catsuits. *''Fantastic Voyage'': the cast uses tight white one-piece diving suits.〔 *''Galaxina'': Dorothy Stratten wears white spandex catsuit during the whole film. *''Game of Death'': Bruce Lee's yellow one-piece tracksuit has become an icon of modern action movies. *''G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero'': Scarlett, the GI Joe Team's counter-intelligence specialist and lead heroine, wears a yellow orange and violet leotard-catsuit with matching gloves and boots. *''G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra'': Scarlett, the GI Joe Team's counter-intelligence specialist and lead heroine (Rachel Nichols), wears a black catsuit, as does the lead female villain called the Baroness (Sienna Miller).〔 *''The Girl on a Motorcycle'': the female protagonist (Marianne Faithfull) rides a motorcycle through Europe wearing only a leather catsuit. *''The Hazing'': Tiffany Shepis appears in a silver spandex catsuit with matching spandex hands. *''Irma Vep'': Irma Vep (played by Maggie Cheung) spends most of the film dressed in a tight black latex catsuit, jumping from one Parisian rooftop to another and defending her director's odd choices to hostile crew members and journalists. In the TV series ''Les Vampires'', the inspiration of ''Irma Vep'', Musidora wears the same costume and make-up as Cheung. This particular look also appears in ''Mark of the Vampire'' for Carroll Borland's characterization of vampiress Phoebe Duprey.〔Temple Drake and David Kerekes, ''Headpress Guide to the Counter Culture'', Headpress, 2004, ISBN 1-900486-35-0〕 ''Irma Vep'' was included in the X-list (National Society of Film Critics' movies that turn us on) for the catsuit worn by Cheung.〔Jami Bernard, ''The X List: The National Society of Film Critics' Movies that Turn Us on'', page 151, Da Capo, 2005, ISBN 0-306-81445-5〕 In the film the costume is devised by bisexual costume designer Zoe (played by Natalie Richard), enamored by Irma in the costume, as a vague reminiscent Michelle Pfeiffer costume in ''Batman Returns''.〔Paul Tatara, ''("Irma Vep" puts stake in the heart of current cinema )'', CNN, 1997-06-12〕 *''Iron Man 2'': Black Widow again played by Scarlett Johansson wore a gray catsuit, just as in the following "Avengers" movie (see above). The character often wears similar clothes in the comics from Marvel Comics, which the movie is based on. *''Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back'': The criminal quartet forming the C.L.I.T. syndicate (Eliza Dushku, Shannon Elizabeth, Ali Larter and Jennifer Schwalbach Smith) wears black latex catsuits. *''Justify'': Rebecca Larsen wears black latex catsuit several times throughout the movie. *''Kappa Mikey'': Mitsuki wears a black catsuit with yellow details as her spy outfit on the episode ''Le Femme Mitsuki''. *''Kill Bill Volume 1'': Beatrix Kiddo (Uma Thurman) wears a yellow leather catsuit-like two-piece suit with black stripes in a tribute to Bruce Lee's iconic tracksuit in ''Game of Death''. *''Kim Possible'': The character Shego wears a green and black catsuit as her trademark outfit. *''La Louve Solitaire'': A female burglar wears a black catsuit with the zipper on the back.〔()〕 *''Lajja'': Bollywood actress and dancer Urmila Matondkar appears in a gold pleather catsuit in the opening item number "Aa Hi Jaiye". *''Last Action Hero'': Most of the ladies around the video rental wear latex suits. *''The Matrix trilogy'': Trinity (Carrie-Anne Moss) wears a black PVC catsuit. Her androgynous appeal in the film was carefully designed in PVC catsuits, at times by trench coats, generating enormous following, especially among ''cybergeeks''.〔Stacy Gillis, ''The Matrix Trilogy'', page 120-121, Wallflower Press, 2005, ISBN 1-904764-32-0〕〔Laura Avery, ''Newsmakers 2004'' (Sub Part 4), page 353, Gale Research, 2000, ISBN 0-7876-6806-0〕 The role and costume launched her into stardom.〔Merle Ginsberg, ''(Sugar and Spice )'', W (on High Beam), 200-12-01〕 Trinity's shift from the maiden with longer hair and softer garbs to the black vinyl catsuit has been commented on as a statement in gender identity.〔Sarah Street, ''Costume and Cinema'', page 94, Wallflower Press, 2001, ISBN 1-903364-18-3〕 Kym Barrett, the costume designer, made 15 versions of the catsuit, all designed to look the same on screen.〔Susan Carpenter, ''("Matrix" magic maker )'', Los Angeles Times, 2003-05-15〕 She was nominated by the Costume Designers Guild in 2001 as the Best Costume Designer for her designs for Matrix characters.〔(Kym Barret biography ), Future Design Days〕 While discussing the Matrix she said that she "wanted to go just from the script--to come up with clothes that weren't connected to a certain time or place".〔Michele Orecklin, (In the Future, Black's Back ), Time Magazine, 2003-05-12〕 *''Mean Girls'': Gretchen Wieners (Lacey Chabert) appears in a black catsuit. *''The Middleman'': one episode shows Natalie Morales wearing a tight leather one-piece suit.〔 *''Mr. Magoo'': Kelly Lynch appears early on in the film as a jewel thief in a black latex catsuit. *''The Mighty Boosh'': Vince Noir (Noel Fielding) inventor of the mirror ball suit. *''Never Been Kissed'': Leelee Sobieski appears in blue spandex catsuit. *''The Rebel'' Margit Saad wears a cat suit costume in a scene with Tony Hancock dressed as a rooster.〔http://www.diomedia.com/public/;jsessionid=87FD2C1693F2C332869C8F78E310AA34.worker1en/5809466/imageDetails.html〕 *''Rent'': Maureen (Idina Menzel) in black catsuit with matching cat ears. *''Rubbers: Oou onna'': Aino Kishi wears black latex catsuit expressing her fetish on rubber. *''Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed'': Velma Dinkley (Linda Cardellini) appears in a red latex catsuit in an attempt to impress her love interest, Patrick Wisely (Seth Green). *''Star Trek'': Catsuits and bodysuits were worn by many extraterrestrial species and characters, of which the most notable is the Borg bodysuit. * *''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine'': Kira Nerys (Nana Visitor) wears a catsuit (tightness increasing throughout the episodes) as her uniform, distinguishing her rather attractively from the surrounding Starfleet-"Pyjamas". * *''Star Trek: Voyager'': Seven of Nine (Jeri Ryan) and Kes (Jennifer Lien) wore several catsuits throughout the show, some of Seven of Nine's even contained built in corsets. * *''Star Trek: Enterprise'': Continuing the Star Trek tradition from previous series, T'Pol (Jolene Blalock) wore a catsuit. *''Tomb Raider series'': * *''Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life'': Angelina Jolie as Lara Croft appears in a thermal silver spandex catsuit. *''Totally Spies!'': Clover, Alex and Sam wear red, yellow and green catsuits respectively as their spy outfits. *''Tron'': Yori (Cindy Morgan) wears a tight neon shining catsuit.〔 *''Underworld'': Selene (Kate Beckinsale) wears a black latex catsuit with matching leather corset.〔Liz Ohanesian, (Rare Underworld Movie Props and Costumes Up for Auction ), LA Weekly, 2009-02-04〕 *''X-Men'': All members of the X-Men team (male and female) wear black leather catsuits as their official uniform. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catsuits and bodysuits in popular media」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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